Earth Work

Graders – self-propelled machines, work equipment which is movable blade. In addition to basic equipment – the blade on the grader – set the removable working parts: a small dozer, kirkovschik for preliminary loosening dense and heavy soils, snow, cold milling and other motor grader has a hydraulic system controls the main blade, which provides its turn in terms of 360 and tilt with traction frame of up to 90 . This design allows the machine its purpose and scope: road grading and finishing the subgrade, ballast unit, gravel and sand pavement, construction of low (0.6 m) mounds of the side reserves, planning, cleaning and snow, etc. The main purpose of motor grader – profiling the road subgrade. The greater the resistance and difficult working conditions, the stronger must be the motor grader. Depending on the engine capacity and weight machines produce lightweight (up to 100 kW, 9 m), medium (100 …

150 kW, 10 … 15 m) and heavy (over 160 kW and more than 15 tonnes) graders. Light graders used for the maintenance of roads, medium-building in the road at an average density of soil, and heavy – with large volumes of excavation in dense soils and placement of road surfaces. The design of most graders standardized, it includes the main frame, pulling the frame, a turntable with a blade, engine, transmission, chassis and equipment management system. Traction power, maneuverability and stability graders characterized by a pattern of running gear. Depending on the industrial and technological requirements and conditions of use (and for this purpose, commercially available) graders with different numbers of wheels and the leading axes, as well as the control system and tilt axes of the wheels.

Wheel scheme denoted by LH5HV graders in which A – number of axles, steering, B – number of axles, B – the total number of axles. The greatest widely used motor graders, wheel scheme which 1X2X3. Ways to improve the performance of motor graders are to increase the operating speed of the machine, reducing the time for preparation, reduce lost work time and decreasing the number of passes in the same place at the expense of automatic control systems scraper blade profile. Grader-elevator – Earthmovers continuous action, developing ground or a flat disc with a knife and handed it to the dump or vehicles conveyor belt. To develop a soil knife is lowered to the ground, the motion of the machine he developed and falls off ground running on a conveyor belt. The latter raises the soil to a height of 4 m, moves in the transverse direction (in the dump or in vehicles) at a distance of about 10 m. The presence of the pipeline makes it possible to build low mounds up to 1.5 m of lateral reserves hold up to 1.5 m shallow trench. Thanks A built-in machine principle of continuous layered excavation grader, elevator has a high technical performance – more than 600 m / h. However, its implementation requires a number of stringent operational conditions: flat terrain, the lack of large (over 150 mm) stone inclusions, which can damage the disc blades, the presence of sufficient work front 200 meters or more. These restrictions greatly narrow the area of effective application grader – elevators. Their share in total production of earthworks does not exceed 1%.

3D-technology In The Casting Of Metals

States intend to reorient domestic export-oriented industries in the domestic market with a challenge of building an effective domestic demand for the products of industry. Construction and engineering as consumers of the metal – it’s now those two industries that determine the development of the country and are in dire need to introduce high-tech, metal-and energy-saving technologies. The most popular have exactly these projects in the field of innovative technologies. Domestic metal and engineering industry in terms of system integration into the global economy of our country as a full member of WTO, with the advent of inexpensive surplus metal receive an additional incentive of the transition from shallow processing and export of steel products to produce high technology products (machines, tools, appliances and tools). Actress has firm opinions on the matter.

This is a definite challenge national scientists and engineers, a decent answer to which will more fully realize the advantage that Ukraine is among the few countries with a closed cycle of metallurgical production of metals from own ore. In particular, in the domestic foundry engineering science has technologies related to knowledge-intensive high-technology, which can be attributed entirely modern varieties casting on gasified models (LGM, the English version of the Lost Foam Process) and that contrary to popular stereotype suggests that high technology – is not necessarily complicated processes inaccessible. In the engineering of Ukraine with the appearance of the years of independence in place large-scale production of the set medium-sized independent companies with their characteristic small series and diversified productions flexible technology foundry production combined with low capital costs of implementation and high precision workpieces produced a decisive factor. These parameters is consistent with FF technology, which supports global practice of continuous growth in production of castings in this manner, which has already reached 1.5 million tons / year, one in China works to one thousand of such sites with the active use of this technology in the automotive and engine building..

Syktyvkar Forest Institute

Every modern company to achieve high performance industrial activity aims to use new technology and modern scientific developments. When it comes to private business and private investment here every businessman believes the quality of priority roads that are technology that brings a profit. Almost to the organization of innovative construction of field roads are suitable in the Komi Republic. Despite seasonal road construction and the limited time of technological operations on the construction of zempolotna at subzero temperatures in the Komi Republic, to introduce such technology should, says director Usinsk Generating Company, Shevchenko, AN Far for examples of state roads do not have to go – just look at the roads that are built for himself the oil. Carrying capacity of vehicles and machinery used the extraction of raw materials, many times higher than the standards for public roads. From this condition they become dire, and expensive maintenance equipment.

Therefore, we concluded that the project design solutions and materials used must provide adequate bearing capacity and reliability meet road design. One of the priority areas and development of oil and gas industry in Komi an update of old and new road construction, for mining of natural resources, as well as construction and maintenance of roads – the links of one chain. Back in June 2009 in the Komi Republic with Syktyvkar Forest Institute, schvedskimi scientists and Russian companies involved in the development of new technologies in road construction, held scientific-practical conference devoted to the construction of roads of economic importance. The outcome of this event was the commissioning of the experimental section of the road, built on modern technologies. Technology used was developed specifically for the conditions of the Republic of Komi, where the missing stone materials to create pavement, wetlands, poor soils. In such areas are often lezhnevki. Enterprises of the Komi Republic and the regions have appreciated a simple in execution and not expensive in terms of material technology for road construction.

Visual Studio

The garbage collector runs periodically within the CLR, automatically restoring the unused memory for inaccessible objects. This model eliminates the low-level details of manipulating the memory of C + + and the involvement of reference counting COM.Bezopasnost types. When you compile an application. NET adds to the assembly information about the classes, their members, etc. This type of data and allows other applications to use them, without requiring additional support files, and compiler – to ascertain the correctness of a query directly into the runtime. This additional level of security is fully eliminates the risk of all types of low-level oshibok.Rasshiryaemye metadata.

Information about the classes and members is only one type of metadata. NET can be stored in a compiled assembly. Metadata describes the code and allow you to provide additional information the runtime and other services. For example, the metadata may indicate the debugger how to run the tracing code, or tell about Visual Studio how design-time should be displayed any special control. They can also be used to enhance more public a service at runtime, for example, to activate transaction or the pool . error handling.

Languages. NET supports structured exception handling that allows you to organize error handling logical and consistent manner, ie, create for different types of errors for the individual blocks and exception handlers placed at a depth of as much as several urovney.Mnogopotochnost. The CLR provides a pool of threads that can be used in different classes. For example, you can asynchronously call methods that read files, or to interact with Web-services without having to explicitly create new threads. Fig. 2 shows a high-level structure of the CLR and the. NET Framework. Fig. 2. CLR and the. NET Framework Fifth fact: ASP.NETyavlyaetsya object-oriented technology It not only provides full access to all objects in. NET Framework, but also allows you to use all the concepts of object-oriented programming (OOP).